Factors affecting digital transformation - Research on technology acceptance models with small and medium enterprises in Ha Nam province
Main Article Content
Abstract
This study examines the factors influencing the digital transformation of small and medium-sized enterprises applying the technology acceptance model (TAM). Using data taken from the survey data collected from 120 small and medium-sized enterprises in Ha Nam province, TAM model was used to reflect factors affecting the digital transformation of small and medium-sized enterprises. Research results are compatible with previous studies, confirming the role of technological innovation, process integration and technology convergence in influencing perceived usefulness and ease of use. When small and medium-sized enterprises have appropriate awareness of usefulness and ease of use, those enterprises will have a positive attitude towards digital transformation, thereby having a clear intention to digitally transform and apply digital transformation. Based on the research results, the author presents some suggestions to promote digital transformation for small and medium-sized enterprises.
Article Details
Keywords
Digital transformation, Small and medium enterprises, TAM, Ha Nam
References
Abdalla, S., & Nakagawa, K. (2021). The Interplay of Digital Transformation and Collaborative Innovation on Supply Chain Ambidexterity. Technology Innovation Management Review, 11(3), Article 3. https://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1428
Akter, S., Wamba, S. F., Gunasekaran, A., Dubey, R., & Childe, S. J. (2016). How to improve firm performance using big data analytics capability and business strategy alignment? International Journal of Production Economics, 182, 113–131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2016.08.018
Al Humdan, E., Shi, Y., Behnia, M., & Najmaei, A. (2020). Supply chain agility: A systematic review of definitions, enablers and performance implications. International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, 50(2), 287-312. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPDLM-06-2019-0192
Antoncic, B., & Hisrich, R. D. (2003). Clarifying the intrapreneurship concept. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 10(1), 7-24. https://doi.org/10.1108/14626000310461187
Bagozzi, R. P., & Yi, Y. (1988). On the evaluation of structural equation models. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 16(1), 74-94, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02723327
Benbya, H., Davenport, T., & Pachidi, S. (2020). Artificial Intelligence in Organizations: Current State and Future Opportunities. MIS Quarterly Executive, 19(4). https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3741983
Borges, M., Hoppen, N., & Luce, F. (2009). Information technology impact on market orientation in e-business. Journal of Business Research, 62(9), 883–890. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2008.10.010
Cenamor, J., Parida, V., & Wincent, J. (2019). How entrepreneurial SMEs compete through digital platforms: The roles of digital platform capability, network capability and ambidexterity. Journal of Business Research, 100, 196–206. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.03.035
Chin, W. W. (1998). The partial least squares approach for structural equation modeling. In G. A. Marcoulides (Ed.), Modern methods for business research (pp. 295–336). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.
Chung, J.-E., Oh, S.-G., & Moon, H.-C. (2022). What drives SMEs to adopt smart technologies in Korea? Focusing on technological factors. Technology in Society, 71, 102109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2022.102109
Davis, F. D. (1989). Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use, and User Acceptance of Information Technology. MIS Quarterly, 13(3), 319-340. https://doi.org/10.2307/249008
Davis, F. D., Bagozzi, R. P., & Warshaw, P. R. (1992). Extrinsic and Intrinsic Motivation to Use Computers in the Workplace. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 22(14), 1111-1132, Article 14. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.1992.tb00945.x
Del Giudice, M., Soto-Acosta, P., Carayannis, E., & Scuotto, V. (2018). Emerging perspectives on business process management (BPM): IT-based processes and ambidextrous organizations, theory and practice. Business Process Management Journal, 24(5), 1070-1076. https://doi.org/10.1108/BPMJ-09-2018-336
Dutta, G., Kumar, R., Sindhwani, R., & Singh, R. K. (2020). Digital transformation priorities of India’s discrete manufacturing SMEs – a conceptual study in perspective of Industry 4.0. Competitiveness Review: An International Business Journal, 30(3), 289-314. https://doi.org/10.1108/CR-03-2019-0031
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981a). Evaluating Structural Equation Models with Unobservable Variables and Measurement Error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39-50. https://doi.org/10.2307/3151312
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981b). Structural Equation Models with Unobservable Variables and Measurement Error: Algebra and Statistics. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(3), Article 3. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224378101800313
Frank, A. G., Mendes, G. H. S., Ayala, N. F., & Ghezzi, A. (2019). Servitization and Industry 4.0 convergence in the digital transformation of product firms: A business model innovation perspective. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 141, 341–351. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2019.01.014
Garson, G. D. (2016). Partial least squares regression and structural equation models. Asheboro, NC: Statistical Associates.
Gutierrez, A., Orozco, J., & Serrano, A. (2009). Factors affecting IT and business alignment: a comparative study in SMEs and large organisations. Journal of Enterprise Information Management, 22(1/2), 197-211. https://doi.org/10.1108/17410390910932830
Hair, J. F., Risher, J. J., Sarstedt, M., & Ringle, C. M. (2019). When to use and how to report the results of PLS-SEM. European Business Review, 31(1), 2-24. https://doi.org/10.1108/EBR-11-2018-0203
Harrigan, P., Ramsey, E., & Ibbotson, P. (2011). Critical Factors Underpinning the e-CRM Activities of SMEs. Journal of Marketing Management, 27(5-6), 503-529. https://doi.org/10.1080/0267257X.2010.495284
Hayes, A. F. (2017). Introduction to Mediation, Moderation, and Conditional Process Analysis, Second Edition: A Regression-Based Approach. Guilford Publications.
Henseler, J., Dijkstra, T. K., Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C. M., Diamantopoulos, A., Straub, D. W., Ketchen, D. J., Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., & Calantone, R. J. (2014). Common Beliefs and Reality About PLS: Comments on Rönkkö and Evermann (2013). Organizational Research Methods, 17(2), 182-209. https://doi.org/10.1177/1094428114526928
Hinings, B., Gegenhuber, T., & Greenwood, R. (2018). Digital innovation and transformation: An institutional perspective. Information and Organization, 28(1), 52-61, Article 1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infoandorg.2018.02.004
Hult, G. T. M., Hurley, R. F., & Knight, G. A. (2004). Innovativeness: Its antecedents and impact on business performance. Industrial Marketing Management, 33(5), 429-438 Article 5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2003.08.015
Karantininis, K., Sauer, J., & Furtan, W. H. (2010). Innovation and integration in the agri-food industry. Food Policy, 35(2), 112-120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2009.10.003
Kim, J. H. (2017). A Review of Cyber-Physical System Research Relevant to the Emerging IT Trends: Industry 4.0, IoT, Big Data, and Cloud Computing. Journal of Industrial Integration and Management, 02(03), 1750011. https://doi.org/10.1142/S2424862217500117
Kitsios, F., & Kamariotou, M. (2021). Artificial Intelligence and Business Strategy towards Digital Transformation: A Research Agenda. Sustainability, 13(4), 2025. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13042025
Kock, N. (2015). Common Method Bias in PLS-SEM: A Full Collinearity Assessment Approach. International Journal of e-Collaboration, 11(4), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.4018/ijec.2015100101
Kurnia, S., Choudrie, J., Rahim, M., & Alzougool, B. (2015). E-commerce technology adoption: A Malaysian grocery SME retail sector study. Journal of Business Research, 68(9), 1906–1918. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2014.12.010
Le, V. H., & Dang, Q. H. (2023). The Factors Affecting Digital Transformation in Vietnam Logistics Enterprises. Electronics, 12(8), 1825. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12081825
Legner, C., Eymann, T., Hess, T., Matt, C., Böhmann, T., Drews, P., Mädche, A., Urbach, N., & Ahlemann, F. (2017). Digitalization: Opportunity and Challenge for the Business and Information Systems Engineering Community. Business & Information Systems Engineering, 59(4), 301-308, Article 4. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12599-017-0484-2
Li, F. (2020). Leading digital transformation: Three emerging approaches for managing the transition. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 40(6), 809-817, Article 6. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOPM-04-2020-0202
Nguyễn Hồng Minh (2020). Chuyển đổi số trong công nghiệp dầu khí: Thực trạng và triển vọng tại Việt Nam. Tạp Chí Dầu Khí, 12(1), 4–11. https://doi.org/10.47800/PVJ.2020.12-01
Nguyễn Phan Thu Hằng, & Hồ Anh Toàn. (2022). Các yếu tố tác động đến sự chấp nhận chuyển đổi số của các doanh nghiệp vừa và nhỏ tại Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh. Tạp Chí Phát Triển Khoa Học và Công Nghệ – Kinh Tế-Luật và Quản Lý, 6(2), 2752–2762. https://doi.org/10.32508/stdjelm.v6i2.973
Nguyễn Thị Mai Hương, & Bùi Thị Sen. (2021). Các yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến ý định thực hiện chuyển đổi số trong các doanh nghiệp nhỏ và vừa trên địa bàn thành phố Hà Nội. Tạp Chí Khoa Học và Công Nghệ Đại Học Thái Nguyên, 226(18), 347–355.
Peltier, J., Zhao, Y., & Schibrowsky, J. (2012). Technology adoption by small businesses: An exploratory study of the interrelationships of owner and environmental factors. International Small Business Journal - INT SMALL BUS J, 30(4), 406–431. https://doi.org/10.1177/0266242610365512
Ringle, C. M., Sarstedt, M., Sinkovics, N., & Sinkovics, R. R. (2023). A perspective on using partial least squares structural equation modelling in data articles. Data in Brief, 48, 109074. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2023.109074
Scuotto, V., Nicotra, M., Del Giudice, M., Krueger, N., & Gregori, G. L. (2021). A microfoundational perspective on SMEs’ growth in the digital transformation era. Journal of Business Research, 129, 382–392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.01.045
Ta, V. A., & Lin, C.-Y. (2023). Exploring the Determinants of Digital Transformation Adoption for SMEs in an Emerging Economy. Sustainability, 15(9), Article 9. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15097093
Wang, J., & Rusu, L. (2018). Factors Hindering Business-IT Alignment in Small and Medium Enterprises in China. Procedia Computer Science, 138, 425–432. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2018.10.060
Akter, S., Wamba, S. F., Gunasekaran, A., Dubey, R., & Childe, S. J. (2016). How to improve firm performance using big data analytics capability and business strategy alignment? International Journal of Production Economics, 182, 113–131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2016.08.018
Al Humdan, E., Shi, Y., Behnia, M., & Najmaei, A. (2020). Supply chain agility: A systematic review of definitions, enablers and performance implications. International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, 50(2), 287-312. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPDLM-06-2019-0192
Antoncic, B., & Hisrich, R. D. (2003). Clarifying the intrapreneurship concept. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 10(1), 7-24. https://doi.org/10.1108/14626000310461187
Bagozzi, R. P., & Yi, Y. (1988). On the evaluation of structural equation models. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 16(1), 74-94, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02723327
Benbya, H., Davenport, T., & Pachidi, S. (2020). Artificial Intelligence in Organizations: Current State and Future Opportunities. MIS Quarterly Executive, 19(4). https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3741983
Borges, M., Hoppen, N., & Luce, F. (2009). Information technology impact on market orientation in e-business. Journal of Business Research, 62(9), 883–890. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2008.10.010
Cenamor, J., Parida, V., & Wincent, J. (2019). How entrepreneurial SMEs compete through digital platforms: The roles of digital platform capability, network capability and ambidexterity. Journal of Business Research, 100, 196–206. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.03.035
Chin, W. W. (1998). The partial least squares approach for structural equation modeling. In G. A. Marcoulides (Ed.), Modern methods for business research (pp. 295–336). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.
Chung, J.-E., Oh, S.-G., & Moon, H.-C. (2022). What drives SMEs to adopt smart technologies in Korea? Focusing on technological factors. Technology in Society, 71, 102109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2022.102109
Davis, F. D. (1989). Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use, and User Acceptance of Information Technology. MIS Quarterly, 13(3), 319-340. https://doi.org/10.2307/249008
Davis, F. D., Bagozzi, R. P., & Warshaw, P. R. (1992). Extrinsic and Intrinsic Motivation to Use Computers in the Workplace. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 22(14), 1111-1132, Article 14. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.1992.tb00945.x
Del Giudice, M., Soto-Acosta, P., Carayannis, E., & Scuotto, V. (2018). Emerging perspectives on business process management (BPM): IT-based processes and ambidextrous organizations, theory and practice. Business Process Management Journal, 24(5), 1070-1076. https://doi.org/10.1108/BPMJ-09-2018-336
Dutta, G., Kumar, R., Sindhwani, R., & Singh, R. K. (2020). Digital transformation priorities of India’s discrete manufacturing SMEs – a conceptual study in perspective of Industry 4.0. Competitiveness Review: An International Business Journal, 30(3), 289-314. https://doi.org/10.1108/CR-03-2019-0031
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981a). Evaluating Structural Equation Models with Unobservable Variables and Measurement Error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39-50. https://doi.org/10.2307/3151312
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981b). Structural Equation Models with Unobservable Variables and Measurement Error: Algebra and Statistics. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(3), Article 3. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224378101800313
Frank, A. G., Mendes, G. H. S., Ayala, N. F., & Ghezzi, A. (2019). Servitization and Industry 4.0 convergence in the digital transformation of product firms: A business model innovation perspective. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 141, 341–351. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2019.01.014
Garson, G. D. (2016). Partial least squares regression and structural equation models. Asheboro, NC: Statistical Associates.
Gutierrez, A., Orozco, J., & Serrano, A. (2009). Factors affecting IT and business alignment: a comparative study in SMEs and large organisations. Journal of Enterprise Information Management, 22(1/2), 197-211. https://doi.org/10.1108/17410390910932830
Hair, J. F., Risher, J. J., Sarstedt, M., & Ringle, C. M. (2019). When to use and how to report the results of PLS-SEM. European Business Review, 31(1), 2-24. https://doi.org/10.1108/EBR-11-2018-0203
Harrigan, P., Ramsey, E., & Ibbotson, P. (2011). Critical Factors Underpinning the e-CRM Activities of SMEs. Journal of Marketing Management, 27(5-6), 503-529. https://doi.org/10.1080/0267257X.2010.495284
Hayes, A. F. (2017). Introduction to Mediation, Moderation, and Conditional Process Analysis, Second Edition: A Regression-Based Approach. Guilford Publications.
Henseler, J., Dijkstra, T. K., Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C. M., Diamantopoulos, A., Straub, D. W., Ketchen, D. J., Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., & Calantone, R. J. (2014). Common Beliefs and Reality About PLS: Comments on Rönkkö and Evermann (2013). Organizational Research Methods, 17(2), 182-209. https://doi.org/10.1177/1094428114526928
Hinings, B., Gegenhuber, T., & Greenwood, R. (2018). Digital innovation and transformation: An institutional perspective. Information and Organization, 28(1), 52-61, Article 1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infoandorg.2018.02.004
Hult, G. T. M., Hurley, R. F., & Knight, G. A. (2004). Innovativeness: Its antecedents and impact on business performance. Industrial Marketing Management, 33(5), 429-438 Article 5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2003.08.015
Karantininis, K., Sauer, J., & Furtan, W. H. (2010). Innovation and integration in the agri-food industry. Food Policy, 35(2), 112-120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2009.10.003
Kim, J. H. (2017). A Review of Cyber-Physical System Research Relevant to the Emerging IT Trends: Industry 4.0, IoT, Big Data, and Cloud Computing. Journal of Industrial Integration and Management, 02(03), 1750011. https://doi.org/10.1142/S2424862217500117
Kitsios, F., & Kamariotou, M. (2021). Artificial Intelligence and Business Strategy towards Digital Transformation: A Research Agenda. Sustainability, 13(4), 2025. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13042025
Kock, N. (2015). Common Method Bias in PLS-SEM: A Full Collinearity Assessment Approach. International Journal of e-Collaboration, 11(4), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.4018/ijec.2015100101
Kurnia, S., Choudrie, J., Rahim, M., & Alzougool, B. (2015). E-commerce technology adoption: A Malaysian grocery SME retail sector study. Journal of Business Research, 68(9), 1906–1918. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2014.12.010
Le, V. H., & Dang, Q. H. (2023). The Factors Affecting Digital Transformation in Vietnam Logistics Enterprises. Electronics, 12(8), 1825. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12081825
Legner, C., Eymann, T., Hess, T., Matt, C., Böhmann, T., Drews, P., Mädche, A., Urbach, N., & Ahlemann, F. (2017). Digitalization: Opportunity and Challenge for the Business and Information Systems Engineering Community. Business & Information Systems Engineering, 59(4), 301-308, Article 4. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12599-017-0484-2
Li, F. (2020). Leading digital transformation: Three emerging approaches for managing the transition. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 40(6), 809-817, Article 6. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOPM-04-2020-0202
Nguyễn Hồng Minh (2020). Chuyển đổi số trong công nghiệp dầu khí: Thực trạng và triển vọng tại Việt Nam. Tạp Chí Dầu Khí, 12(1), 4–11. https://doi.org/10.47800/PVJ.2020.12-01
Nguyễn Phan Thu Hằng, & Hồ Anh Toàn. (2022). Các yếu tố tác động đến sự chấp nhận chuyển đổi số của các doanh nghiệp vừa và nhỏ tại Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh. Tạp Chí Phát Triển Khoa Học và Công Nghệ – Kinh Tế-Luật và Quản Lý, 6(2), 2752–2762. https://doi.org/10.32508/stdjelm.v6i2.973
Nguyễn Thị Mai Hương, & Bùi Thị Sen. (2021). Các yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến ý định thực hiện chuyển đổi số trong các doanh nghiệp nhỏ và vừa trên địa bàn thành phố Hà Nội. Tạp Chí Khoa Học và Công Nghệ Đại Học Thái Nguyên, 226(18), 347–355.
Peltier, J., Zhao, Y., & Schibrowsky, J. (2012). Technology adoption by small businesses: An exploratory study of the interrelationships of owner and environmental factors. International Small Business Journal - INT SMALL BUS J, 30(4), 406–431. https://doi.org/10.1177/0266242610365512
Ringle, C. M., Sarstedt, M., Sinkovics, N., & Sinkovics, R. R. (2023). A perspective on using partial least squares structural equation modelling in data articles. Data in Brief, 48, 109074. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2023.109074
Scuotto, V., Nicotra, M., Del Giudice, M., Krueger, N., & Gregori, G. L. (2021). A microfoundational perspective on SMEs’ growth in the digital transformation era. Journal of Business Research, 129, 382–392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.01.045
Ta, V. A., & Lin, C.-Y. (2023). Exploring the Determinants of Digital Transformation Adoption for SMEs in an Emerging Economy. Sustainability, 15(9), Article 9. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15097093
Wang, J., & Rusu, L. (2018). Factors Hindering Business-IT Alignment in Small and Medium Enterprises in China. Procedia Computer Science, 138, 425–432. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2018.10.060
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