Adopting digital transformation in small and medium enterprises: An empirical model of Influencing factorsbased on TOE-TAM integrated
Nội dung chính của bài viết
Tóm tắt
This study examined relations between factors impacting the adoption of digital transformation of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in the Vietnam context by mixed method research. The qualitative research was carried out by a group discussion with 11 participants and a cross-sectional survey with 346 valid questionnaires. The results show the relative advantage, perceived benefits of digital transformation, compatibility, security concern, competitive pressure, vendor support, top management support, investment readiness, perceived usefulness, and attitudes toward adoption have impacted the adoption of digital transformation in SMEs in Vietnam. This research contributed to extending the academic framework and examining causal relationships by adopting new characteristics from the integrated perspective of TOE with TAM beyond the existing research models. The findings are the basis for the government to propose policies to promote digital transformation and for SMEs to prepare technological and organizational readiness for successful digital change.
Chi tiết bài viết
Từ khóa
Adoption of digital transformation, Factors affecting adoption of digital transformation, Integrated TOE with TAM, SMEs
Tài liệu tham khảo
Abualrob, A. A., & Kang, J. (2016). The barriers that hinder the adoption of e-commerce by small businesses: Unique hindrance in Palestine. Information Development, 32(5), 1528-1544. https://doi.org/10.1177/0266666915609774
Alsaad, A., Mohamad, R., Taamneh, A., & Ismail, N. A. (2018). What drives global B2B e-commerce usage: an analysis of the effect of the complexity of trading system and competition pressure. Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 30(8), 980-992.
Ayre, C., & Scally, A. J. (2014). Critical values for Lawshe’s content validity ratio: Revisiting the original methods of calculation. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 47(1), 79–86. https://doi.org/10.1177/0748175613513808
Azam, M. S., & Quaddus, M. (2012). Effects of internal and external factors on internet-based digital technology usage by SMEs in a developing country. Communications of the IIMA, 12(4), 40-70. http://search.proquest.com/docview/1346907336?accountid=49672
Bakar, M. F. A., Talukder, M., Quazi, A., & Khan, I. (2020). Adoption of sustainable technology in the Malaysian SMEs sector: does the role of government matter?. Information, 11(4), 1-17.
Bloomberg, J. (2018). Digitization, digitalization, and digital transformation: confuse them at your peril. Forbes. Retrieved on August, 28, 2019. https://www.forbes.com/sites/jason bloomberg/2018/04/29/digitization-digitalization-and-digital-transformation-confusethem-at-your-peril/#3139e10c2f2c
Borgman, H. P., Bahli, B., Heier, H., & Schewski, F. (2013, January). Cloudrise: exploring cloud computing adoption and governance with the TOE framework. In 2013 46th Hawaii international conference on system sciences (pp. 4425-4435). IEEE.
Cabrera-Sánchez, J. P & Villarejo-Ramos, Á. F. (2019). Fatores que afetam a adoção de análises de Big data em empresas. Revista de Administração de Empresas, 59(6), 415-429. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-759020190607
Cao, Q., Jones, D. R., & Sheng, H. (2014). Contained nomadic information environments: Technology, organization, and environment influences on adoption of hospital RFID patient tracking. Information & management, 51(2), 225-239.
Chen, D. Q., Preston, D. S., & Swink, M. (2015). How the use of big data analytics affects value creation in supply chain management. Journal of management information systems, 32(4), 4-39. https://doi.org/10.1080/07421222.2015.1138364
D’Ambra, J., & Rice, R. E. (2001). Emerging factors in user evaluation of the World Wide Web. Information & management, 38(6), 373-384.
Davis, F. D. (1989). Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of information technology. MIS Quarterly, 13(3), 318-340. https://doi.org/10.2307/249008
European Commission (2015). Fostering SMEs’ growth through digital transformation. European Commission. http://s3platform.jrc.ec.europa.eu/-/fostering-smes-growth-through-digital-transformation
Farahnak, L. R., Ehrhart, M. G., Torres, E. M., & Aarons, G. A. (2020). The influence of transformational leadership and leader attitudes on subordinate attitudes and implementation success. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 27(1), 98-111.
Gartner. (2014). Survey analysis: Big Data investment grows but deployments remain scarce in 2014. https://www.gartner.com/en/documents/2841519
Hair Jr, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2021). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). SAGE.
Heinze, A., Griffiths, M., Fenton, A., & Fletcher, G. (2018). Knowledge exchange partnership leads to digital transformation at Hydro‐X Water Treatment, Ltd. Global Business and Organizational Excellence, 37(4), 6-13.
Hess, T., Matt, C., Benlian, A., & Wiesböck, F. (2016). Options for Formulating a digital transformation Strategy. MIS Quarterly Executive, 15(2), 123-139.
Hu, L. T., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural equation modeling: a multidisciplinary journal, 6(1), 1-55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118
Joshi, K. (2005). Understanding user resistance and acceptance during the implementation of an order management system: A case study using the equity implementation model. Journal of Information Technology Case and Application Research, 7(1), 6-20. https://doi.org/10.1080/15228053.2005.10856057
Kannan, P. K. (2017). Digital marketing: A framework, review and research agenda. International journal of research in marketing, 34(1), 22-45.
Karltorp, L. (2017). digital transformation strategies in small businesses: A case study in the Swedish manufacturing industry. http://www.divaportal.org/smash/get/diva2:1115635/FULLTEXT01.pdf
Kim, W. (2009). Cloud computing: Today and tomorrow. Journal of Object Technology, 8(1), 65-72. doi:10.5381/jot.2009.8.1.c4.
Lesser, R., & Reeves, M. (2020). Leading out of adversity. Boston, The Boston Consulting Group.[Available at https://www. bcg. com/publications/2020/business-resilience-lessonscovid-19. aspx].
Lytras, M. D., & Visvizi, A. (2019). Big data and their social impact: Preliminary study. Sustainability, 11(18), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11185067
Marchand, D. A., Kettinger, W. J., & Rollins, J. D. (2002). Information orientation: The link to business performance. Oxford University Press.
Mathwick, C., Malhotra, N., & Rigdon, E. (2001). Experiential value: conceptualization, measurement and application in the catalog and Internet shopping environment☆. Journal of retailing, 77(1), 39-56.
Nadkarni, S., & Prügl, R. (2021). digital transformation: a review, synthesis and opportunities for future research. Management Review Quarterly, 71(2), 233-341.
Nambisan, S., Wright, M., & Feldman, M. (2019). The digital transformation of innovation and entrepreneurship: Progress, challenges and key themes. Research Policy, 48(8), 103773. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2019.03.018
Navimipour, N. J., & Soltani, Z. (2016). The impact of cost, technology acceptance and employees' satisfaction on the effectiveness of the electronic customer relationship management systems. Computers in Human Behavior, 55, 1052-1066.
Nguyen, X. T., Nguyen, T. H., Dang, H. P., Pham, T. L. P., Bui, T. T., Tran, N. M., ... & Nguyen, N. P. (2022). E-commerce Adoption in Distribution: An Empirical Study on Household Businesses in Food and Beverage Industry. Journal of Distribution Science, 20(2), 65-77. https://doi.org/10.15722/jds.20.02.202202.65
Nguyen, X. T., & LUU, Q. K. (2020). Factors affecting adoption of industry 4.0 by small-and medium-sized enterprises: A case in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 7(6), 255-264. https://doi.org/10.13106/jafeb.2020.vol7.no6.255
Nguyen, T. T., Mia, L., Winata, L., & Chong, V. K. (2017). Effect of transformational-leadership style and management control system on managerial performance. Journal of Business Research, 70, 202-213.
OECD. (2018). Digital Government Review of Morocco: Laying the Foundations for the Digital Transformation of the Public Sector in Morocco. https://www.oecd.org/gov/digital-government-review-of-morocco-9789264298729-en.htm.
Ostlund, L. E. (1974). Perceived innovation attributes as predictors of innovativeness. Journal of consumer research, 1(2), 23-29.
Palmatier, R. W., & Martin, K. D. (2019). The intelligent marketer's guide to data privacy: The impact of big data on customer trust. Cham, Switzerland: Springer International Publishing.
Peter, M. K. (Ed.). (2017). KMU-Transformation: Als KMU die Digitale Transformation erfolgreich umsetzen.: Forschungsresultate und Praxisleitfaden. BoD–Books on Demand. https://kmu-transformation.ch/digitale-ausgabe/
Petter, S., DeLone, W., & McLean, E. (2008). Measuring information systems success: models, dimensions, measures, and interrelationships. European journal of information systems, 17(3), 236-263. https://doi.org/10.1057/ejis.2008.15
Salleh, Khairulliza Ahmad and Janczewski, Lech, "Adoption of Big Data Solutions: A study on its security determinants using Sec-TOE Framework" (2016). CONF-IRM 2016 Proceedings. 66. https://aisel.aisnet.org/confirm2016/66
Sam, K. M., & Chatwin, C. R. (2018, December). Understanding adoption of big data analytics in China: from organizational users perspective. In 2018 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management (IEEM) (pp. 507-510). IEEE. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/IEEM.2018.8607652
Shen, Q.L. 2018. “Research on Company User Behavior and Promotion Mechanism and Countermeasures of Cloud Computing Service Adoption,” Master’s Thesis, Donghua University
Sin, K. Y., Osman, A., Salahuddin, S. N., Abdullah, S., Lim, Y. J., & Sim, C. L. (2016). Relative advantage and competitive pressure towards implementation of e-commerce: Overview of small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Procedia Economics and Finance, 35, 434-443. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2212-5671(16)00054-x
Sun, S., Cegielski, C. G., Jia, L., & Hall, D. J. (2018). Understanding the factors affecting the organizational adoption of big data. Journal of computer information systems, 58(3), 193-203. https://doi.org/10.1080/08874417.2016.1222891
Truong, N. X. (2018). The impact of Hallyu 4.0 and social media on Korean products purchase decision of generation C in Vietnam. The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 5(3), 81-93. https://doi.org/10.13106/jafeb.2018.vol5.no3.81
Tyler, B., Lahneman, B., Beukel, K., Cerrato, D., Minciullo, M., Spielmann, N., & Discua Cruz, A. (2020). SME Managers’ Perceptions of Competitive Pressure and the Adoption of Environmental Practices in Fragmented Industries: A Multi-Country Study in the Wine Industry. Organization and Environment, 33(3), 437–463. https://doi.org/10.1177/1086026618803720
Venkatesh, V., Thong, J. Y., & Xu, X. (2016). Unified theory of acceptance and use of technology: A synthesis and the road ahead. Journal of the Association for Information Systems, 17(5), 328-376. https://doi.org/10.17705/1jais.00428
Vietnam’s Ministry of Planning and Investment. (2021). Roundtables: Small and Medium Enterprises and the EVFTA. https://www.mpi.gov.vn/en/Pages/tinbai.aspx?idTin=49802&idcm=133
Viriyasitavat, W. (2016). Multi-criteria selection for services selection in service workflow. Journal of Industrial Information Integration, 1, 20-25, DOI: 10.1016/j.jii.2016.03.003.
Vu, K., Hanafizadeh, P., & Bohlin, E. (2020). ICT as a driver of economic growth: A survey of the literature and directions for future research. Telecommunications Policy, 44(2), 101922.
Wang, Y. M., Wang, Y. S., & Yang, Y. F. (2010). Understanding the determinants of RFID adoption in the manufacturing industry. Technological forecasting and social change, 77(5), 803-815. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2010.03.006
Wu, W. W. (2011). Developing an explorative model for SaaS adoption. Expert systems with applications, 38(12), 15057-15064. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2011.05.039
Yin, Y., Zeng, Y., Chen, X. & Fan, Y. (2016). The internet of things in healthcare: An overview. Journal of Industrial Information Integration, 1, 3-13.
Alsaad, A., Mohamad, R., Taamneh, A., & Ismail, N. A. (2018). What drives global B2B e-commerce usage: an analysis of the effect of the complexity of trading system and competition pressure. Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 30(8), 980-992.
Ayre, C., & Scally, A. J. (2014). Critical values for Lawshe’s content validity ratio: Revisiting the original methods of calculation. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 47(1), 79–86. https://doi.org/10.1177/0748175613513808
Azam, M. S., & Quaddus, M. (2012). Effects of internal and external factors on internet-based digital technology usage by SMEs in a developing country. Communications of the IIMA, 12(4), 40-70. http://search.proquest.com/docview/1346907336?accountid=49672
Bakar, M. F. A., Talukder, M., Quazi, A., & Khan, I. (2020). Adoption of sustainable technology in the Malaysian SMEs sector: does the role of government matter?. Information, 11(4), 1-17.
Bloomberg, J. (2018). Digitization, digitalization, and digital transformation: confuse them at your peril. Forbes. Retrieved on August, 28, 2019. https://www.forbes.com/sites/jason bloomberg/2018/04/29/digitization-digitalization-and-digital-transformation-confusethem-at-your-peril/#3139e10c2f2c
Borgman, H. P., Bahli, B., Heier, H., & Schewski, F. (2013, January). Cloudrise: exploring cloud computing adoption and governance with the TOE framework. In 2013 46th Hawaii international conference on system sciences (pp. 4425-4435). IEEE.
Cabrera-Sánchez, J. P & Villarejo-Ramos, Á. F. (2019). Fatores que afetam a adoção de análises de Big data em empresas. Revista de Administração de Empresas, 59(6), 415-429. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-759020190607
Cao, Q., Jones, D. R., & Sheng, H. (2014). Contained nomadic information environments: Technology, organization, and environment influences on adoption of hospital RFID patient tracking. Information & management, 51(2), 225-239.
Chen, D. Q., Preston, D. S., & Swink, M. (2015). How the use of big data analytics affects value creation in supply chain management. Journal of management information systems, 32(4), 4-39. https://doi.org/10.1080/07421222.2015.1138364
D’Ambra, J., & Rice, R. E. (2001). Emerging factors in user evaluation of the World Wide Web. Information & management, 38(6), 373-384.
Davis, F. D. (1989). Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of information technology. MIS Quarterly, 13(3), 318-340. https://doi.org/10.2307/249008
European Commission (2015). Fostering SMEs’ growth through digital transformation. European Commission. http://s3platform.jrc.ec.europa.eu/-/fostering-smes-growth-through-digital-transformation
Farahnak, L. R., Ehrhart, M. G., Torres, E. M., & Aarons, G. A. (2020). The influence of transformational leadership and leader attitudes on subordinate attitudes and implementation success. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 27(1), 98-111.
Gartner. (2014). Survey analysis: Big Data investment grows but deployments remain scarce in 2014. https://www.gartner.com/en/documents/2841519
Hair Jr, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2021). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). SAGE.
Heinze, A., Griffiths, M., Fenton, A., & Fletcher, G. (2018). Knowledge exchange partnership leads to digital transformation at Hydro‐X Water Treatment, Ltd. Global Business and Organizational Excellence, 37(4), 6-13.
Hess, T., Matt, C., Benlian, A., & Wiesböck, F. (2016). Options for Formulating a digital transformation Strategy. MIS Quarterly Executive, 15(2), 123-139.
Hu, L. T., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural equation modeling: a multidisciplinary journal, 6(1), 1-55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118
Joshi, K. (2005). Understanding user resistance and acceptance during the implementation of an order management system: A case study using the equity implementation model. Journal of Information Technology Case and Application Research, 7(1), 6-20. https://doi.org/10.1080/15228053.2005.10856057
Kannan, P. K. (2017). Digital marketing: A framework, review and research agenda. International journal of research in marketing, 34(1), 22-45.
Karltorp, L. (2017). digital transformation strategies in small businesses: A case study in the Swedish manufacturing industry. http://www.divaportal.org/smash/get/diva2:1115635/FULLTEXT01.pdf
Kim, W. (2009). Cloud computing: Today and tomorrow. Journal of Object Technology, 8(1), 65-72. doi:10.5381/jot.2009.8.1.c4.
Lesser, R., & Reeves, M. (2020). Leading out of adversity. Boston, The Boston Consulting Group.[Available at https://www. bcg. com/publications/2020/business-resilience-lessonscovid-19. aspx].
Lytras, M. D., & Visvizi, A. (2019). Big data and their social impact: Preliminary study. Sustainability, 11(18), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11185067
Marchand, D. A., Kettinger, W. J., & Rollins, J. D. (2002). Information orientation: The link to business performance. Oxford University Press.
Mathwick, C., Malhotra, N., & Rigdon, E. (2001). Experiential value: conceptualization, measurement and application in the catalog and Internet shopping environment☆. Journal of retailing, 77(1), 39-56.
Nadkarni, S., & Prügl, R. (2021). digital transformation: a review, synthesis and opportunities for future research. Management Review Quarterly, 71(2), 233-341.
Nambisan, S., Wright, M., & Feldman, M. (2019). The digital transformation of innovation and entrepreneurship: Progress, challenges and key themes. Research Policy, 48(8), 103773. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2019.03.018
Navimipour, N. J., & Soltani, Z. (2016). The impact of cost, technology acceptance and employees' satisfaction on the effectiveness of the electronic customer relationship management systems. Computers in Human Behavior, 55, 1052-1066.
Nguyen, X. T., Nguyen, T. H., Dang, H. P., Pham, T. L. P., Bui, T. T., Tran, N. M., ... & Nguyen, N. P. (2022). E-commerce Adoption in Distribution: An Empirical Study on Household Businesses in Food and Beverage Industry. Journal of Distribution Science, 20(2), 65-77. https://doi.org/10.15722/jds.20.02.202202.65
Nguyen, X. T., & LUU, Q. K. (2020). Factors affecting adoption of industry 4.0 by small-and medium-sized enterprises: A case in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 7(6), 255-264. https://doi.org/10.13106/jafeb.2020.vol7.no6.255
Nguyen, T. T., Mia, L., Winata, L., & Chong, V. K. (2017). Effect of transformational-leadership style and management control system on managerial performance. Journal of Business Research, 70, 202-213.
OECD. (2018). Digital Government Review of Morocco: Laying the Foundations for the Digital Transformation of the Public Sector in Morocco. https://www.oecd.org/gov/digital-government-review-of-morocco-9789264298729-en.htm.
Ostlund, L. E. (1974). Perceived innovation attributes as predictors of innovativeness. Journal of consumer research, 1(2), 23-29.
Palmatier, R. W., & Martin, K. D. (2019). The intelligent marketer's guide to data privacy: The impact of big data on customer trust. Cham, Switzerland: Springer International Publishing.
Peter, M. K. (Ed.). (2017). KMU-Transformation: Als KMU die Digitale Transformation erfolgreich umsetzen.: Forschungsresultate und Praxisleitfaden. BoD–Books on Demand. https://kmu-transformation.ch/digitale-ausgabe/
Petter, S., DeLone, W., & McLean, E. (2008). Measuring information systems success: models, dimensions, measures, and interrelationships. European journal of information systems, 17(3), 236-263. https://doi.org/10.1057/ejis.2008.15
Salleh, Khairulliza Ahmad and Janczewski, Lech, "Adoption of Big Data Solutions: A study on its security determinants using Sec-TOE Framework" (2016). CONF-IRM 2016 Proceedings. 66. https://aisel.aisnet.org/confirm2016/66
Sam, K. M., & Chatwin, C. R. (2018, December). Understanding adoption of big data analytics in China: from organizational users perspective. In 2018 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management (IEEM) (pp. 507-510). IEEE. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/IEEM.2018.8607652
Shen, Q.L. 2018. “Research on Company User Behavior and Promotion Mechanism and Countermeasures of Cloud Computing Service Adoption,” Master’s Thesis, Donghua University
Sin, K. Y., Osman, A., Salahuddin, S. N., Abdullah, S., Lim, Y. J., & Sim, C. L. (2016). Relative advantage and competitive pressure towards implementation of e-commerce: Overview of small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Procedia Economics and Finance, 35, 434-443. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2212-5671(16)00054-x
Sun, S., Cegielski, C. G., Jia, L., & Hall, D. J. (2018). Understanding the factors affecting the organizational adoption of big data. Journal of computer information systems, 58(3), 193-203. https://doi.org/10.1080/08874417.2016.1222891
Truong, N. X. (2018). The impact of Hallyu 4.0 and social media on Korean products purchase decision of generation C in Vietnam. The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 5(3), 81-93. https://doi.org/10.13106/jafeb.2018.vol5.no3.81
Tyler, B., Lahneman, B., Beukel, K., Cerrato, D., Minciullo, M., Spielmann, N., & Discua Cruz, A. (2020). SME Managers’ Perceptions of Competitive Pressure and the Adoption of Environmental Practices in Fragmented Industries: A Multi-Country Study in the Wine Industry. Organization and Environment, 33(3), 437–463. https://doi.org/10.1177/1086026618803720
Venkatesh, V., Thong, J. Y., & Xu, X. (2016). Unified theory of acceptance and use of technology: A synthesis and the road ahead. Journal of the Association for Information Systems, 17(5), 328-376. https://doi.org/10.17705/1jais.00428
Vietnam’s Ministry of Planning and Investment. (2021). Roundtables: Small and Medium Enterprises and the EVFTA. https://www.mpi.gov.vn/en/Pages/tinbai.aspx?idTin=49802&idcm=133
Viriyasitavat, W. (2016). Multi-criteria selection for services selection in service workflow. Journal of Industrial Information Integration, 1, 20-25, DOI: 10.1016/j.jii.2016.03.003.
Vu, K., Hanafizadeh, P., & Bohlin, E. (2020). ICT as a driver of economic growth: A survey of the literature and directions for future research. Telecommunications Policy, 44(2), 101922.
Wang, Y. M., Wang, Y. S., & Yang, Y. F. (2010). Understanding the determinants of RFID adoption in the manufacturing industry. Technological forecasting and social change, 77(5), 803-815. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2010.03.006
Wu, W. W. (2011). Developing an explorative model for SaaS adoption. Expert systems with applications, 38(12), 15057-15064. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2011.05.039
Yin, Y., Zeng, Y., Chen, X. & Fan, Y. (2016). The internet of things in healthcare: An overview. Journal of Industrial Information Integration, 1, 3-13.